New Research Shows Air Pollution Can Reduce Children’s Lung Function
Children who live in polluted communities are five times more likely to have clinically low lung function-less than 80 percent of the lung function expected for their age. New data from the Children’s Health Study suggests that pollutants from vehicle emissions and fossil fuels hinder lung development and limit breathing capacity for a lifetime.
The study was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/), one of the National Institutes of Health (http://www.nih.gov/) Exit NIEHS Website, the California Air Resources Board and the Hastings Foundation. The results of the study, conducted by researchers at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, are published in this week’s issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
“This is the longest study ever conducted on air pollution and children’s health,”said Dr. Kenneth Olden, director of NIEHS. “It shows that current levels of air pollution have adverse effects on lung development in children between the ages of 10 and 18.”
Each year, pulmonary function data were collected from 1,759 children as they progressed from 4th grade to 12th grade. The researchers also tracked levels of air pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, acid vapor, elemental carbon, and particulate matter in the 12 Southern California communities where the children lived. The study encompassed some of the most polluted areas in the greater Los Angeles basin, as well as several less-polluted communities outside the Los Angeles area.
Over the eight year period, researchers found that children living in the most polluted communities had significant reductions in their “forced expiratory volume” — the volume of air that can be exhaled after taking a deep breath — as compared to children living in communities with cleaner air.
Nutrition Linked to Childhood Leukemia
Patricia Buffler, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley
P42ES04705 and R01ES09137
Background: Diet and nutrition have been linked to both increases and decreases in the risk of developing a variety of cancers. However, research into the effects of children’s diets on the risk of childhood cancer has been rare. The research that has been done in this area has focused on consumption of a class of chemicals known as the N-nitroso compounds. Some of these agents are commonly found in processed meats and other foods. The prevailing theory is that they are converted to carcinogenic agents in the acid environment of the stomach, taken up into the blood stream and then transported to the brain leading to an increased risk of brain tumors. Animal studies have shown that vitamins C and E lessen the risk of tumor development because they block a key step in the formation of the carcinogenic agents. To expand on research addressing children’s diets and the risk of childhood leukemia, a NIEHS-supported research team at the University of California, Berkeley conducted an analysis to determine which dietary components consumed in the first two years of life alter childhood leukemia risk.
Advance: The study found that regular consumption of oranges, bananas, and orange juice during the first two years of life was associated with about a 50% reduction in the risk of developing childhood leukemia diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 14 years. They found no association, either positive or negative, between eating hot dogs or lunch meats and the risk of leukemia as had been reported previously.
Implications: Overall, the study results suggest that during the first two years of life, regular consumption of fruits and fruit juices high in vitamin C and or potassium may reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. The authors suggest that if these findings are duplicated in an independent study “…the public health implications are profound and are just cause to initiate a feasible and inexpensive dietary intervention among young children involving regular consumption of fruits and fruit juices.”
Good Food Good Health – Children’s Colds
By Sandra Wosko and Ted Wosko
Hi everybody
Well at this time of year we are lucky if we are not suffering from the symptoms of coughs or colds, keeping them at bay is not easy especially when you have to travel in close proximity to others on buses and trains.
Keeping the immune system strong by eating a well-balanced varied diet-’good food good health’ gives our bodies the best chance at fighting viruses and infections.
Also keeping body fluid levels up is as always very important, and often gets overlooked during the winter month’s when people often drink less, so make sure a drink is always at hand.
Children can go from one cold to another as nurseries and schools are often a haven for illness, in what seems a continuous period of illness and is very distressing for parents.
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